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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 23(4): e20231480, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527941

ABSTRACT

Abstract Low biodiversity in urban areas is associated with habitat loss. However, the effects of urbanization on biodiversity should also consider the historical background of land-use, explored herein. Our goal was to evaluate changes in the assemblage of reptiles in an urban habitat over 100 years, aiming to identify which ecological attributes allowed the persistence of species that can be found in the area today. We accessed historical records in scientific collections and carried out fieldwork to access reptile assemblage in an urban green area, in São Paulo, Brazil. Considering land-use changes in the area, we defined three-time intervals between 1901 and 2020. We established species richness for each time interval, categorizing them into three ecological attributes: habitat preference, substrate use, and food habits. We recorded 27 reptile species from 1901 until 2020, 14 resulting from historical data, eight from both historical and fieldwork, and five species exclusively in fieldwork. Amphibians were also sampled during fieldwork, but not used in historical comparison. Reptile's species richness decreased 59% regardless of ecological attributes, and snakes were the group with most species' loss. Fossorial reptiles were the least affected group. We concluded that habitat loss culminated in a species richness decline, and the reptiles that remain until today were likely present since the fragment isolation. Ecological attributes of the remaining taxa include species that use terrestrial substrates and feed on prey commonly found in urban environments.


Resumo A baixa biodiversidade em áreas urbanas está associada à perda de habitat. No entanto, os efeitos da urbanização sobre a biodiversidade também devem considerar o histórico de uso da terra, explorado aqui. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar as mudanças na comunidade de répteis em um habitat urbano ao longo de 100 anos, visando identificar quais atributos ecológicos permitiram a persistência de espécies que podem ser encontradas na área hoje. Acessamos registros históricos em coleções científicas e realizamos trabalho de campo para levantar as espécies de répteis em uma área verde urbana, em São Paulo, Brasil. Considerando as mudanças de uso da terra na área amostrada, definimos três intervalos de tempo entre 1901 e 2020. Estabelecemos a riqueza de espécies para cada intervalo de tempo, categorizando-as em três atributos ecológicos: preferência de habitat, uso de substrato e hábitos alimentares. Registramos 27 espécies de répteis de 1901 até 2020, sendo 14 resultantes de dados históricos, oito de dados históricos e de campo e cinco espécies amostradas exclusivamente de campo. Anfíbios também foram amostrados durante o trabalho de campo, mas não foram usados na comparação histórica. A riqueza de espécies de répteis diminuiu 59% independentemente dos atributos ecológicos, e serpente foi o grupo com maior perda de espécies. Os répteis fossoriais foram o grupo menos afetado. Concluímos que a perda de habitat culminou em um declínio da riqueza de espécies, e os répteis que permanecem até hoje provavelmente estavam presentes desde o isolamento do fragmento. Os atributos ecológicos dos táxons remanescentes incluem espécies que utilizam substratos terrestres e se alimentam de presas comumente encontradas em ambientes urbanos.

2.
Acta biol. colomb ; 26(2): 262-272, mayo-ago. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355537

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Los ecosistemas urbanos están entre los ambientes que más rápido crecen en el planeta debido al incremento de la población humana, y es necesaria información que permita tomar decisiones para el manejo y conservación de su biodiversidad. Por ello se revisaron las publicaciones sobre mamíferos urbanos colombianos y se analizaron cuatro aspectos: 1) la relación entre el número de publicaciones y el año, 2) la representación del conocimiento por regiones naturales y departamentos, 3) la relación entre el número de publicaciones y la población humana por departamento, y 4) la representación de los temas y órdenes de mamíferos estudiados en las diferentes regiones naturales. El número de publicaciones sobre los mamíferos urbanos se ha incrementado exponencialmente con el tiempo, pero estas no están distribuidas uniformemente entre las regiones naturales y departamentos. El número de publicaciones se incrementó con la población humana en los departamentos. Sin embargo, en algunos departamentos existe un número de publicaciones mayor al esperado, mientras que en otros están por debajo de las expectativas. Hay limitada información sobre las respuestas ecológicas de los mamíferos a la urbanización, su posibilidad de transmitir enfermedades, la composición de especies en la mayoría de las áreas urbanas y el efecto de la urbanización sobre la diversidad. Se sugiere aprovechar espacios como los campus universitarios e indicadores comportamentales de bajo costo para hacer experimentación y ayudar a desarrollar estrategias que permitan la coexistencia de humanos y mamíferos silvestres en y alrededor de las ciudades.


ABSTRACT Urban ecosystems are amongst the fastest growing environments on the planet due to the increase in human population. Hence, it is necessary to obtain information about biodiversity in such environments for their management and conservation. I reviewed the publications about Colombian urban mammals and analyzed four aspects: 1) the relationship between the number of publications and the year, 2) the contribution of publications from natural regions and departments, 3) the relationship between the number of publications and the human population per department, and 4) the contribution of publications about different subjects and mammal orders in different natural regions. The number ofpublications about urban mammals has increased exponentially with time, but the number of publications is not uniformly distributed among natural regions or departments. There was a positive relationship between the human population size per department and the number of publications. Nevertheless, in some departments, there was a higher than expected number of publications, whereas in others it was below the expectations. There is limited information about the ecological responses of mammals to urbanization, their possibility to transfer diseases, the species composition in most urban areas, and the effect of urbanizations on mammal diversity. I suggest that places such as university campuses and low-cost behavioral indicators based on activity or foraging should be used for experiments to develop strategies to allow the coexistence between humans and wild mammals in and around the cities.

3.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 64(spe): e21210005, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339320

ABSTRACT

Abstract Urbanization changes natural environments making them inhospitable to autochthonous fauna. However, studies have shown that certain groups and animal species tolerate urban habitat or even benefit from it as is the case of some bats. This study assesses the diversity of bats in Curitiba, Southern Brazil, providing a basis for the discussion on their conservation, management, ecological services provide, and the critical evaluation of their role in the zoonoses of interest for public health. The data was compiled from a combination of museum, historical and recent literature (1824 to 2020), records to identify which bat species have actually been captured or recorded in Curitiba. The results indicate 29 species (five of them threatened with extinction) from four families: Phyllostomidae, Noctilionidae, Molossidae and Vespertilionidae. Insectivorous bats (Molossidae and Vespertilionidae) represent 62.1% of the species recorded; and the primarily frugivorous (Phyllostomidae) 24.1%, followed by nectarivorous/polinivorous species (6.9%), insectivorous/frugivorous (ca. 3.4%) and piscivorous/insectivorous (ca. 3.4%). Fruit-eating batsseem to prefer urban green areas while insectivores tend to occupy human-made structures. Our results show that this high-growth potential diversity bears both a numerical and ecological relevance. It is worth remembering that Curitiba is in Brazil's subtropical area, where the richness of bat species is lower, and the predominant species are different from those in the tropical region of the country. Finally, studies on the natural history of bats (feeding, reproduction, roosting, etc.) in Curitiba are scarce and urgently necessary given to the current pandemic scenario where these traditionally stigmatized animals have been even more depreciated by public opinion.


Subject(s)
Forests , Biodiversity , Araucaria , Brazil , Chiroptera
4.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 25(4): 457-462, oct. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094342

ABSTRACT

Se describe e ilustra por primera vez a Scleroderma bovista para Colombia, un hongo gasteroide hallado en el campus de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Bogotá), departamento de Cundinamarca. Se aporta información sobre su distribución, ecología y sustrato de crecimiento. Así, el género Scleroderma queda representado en el país por cuatro especies: S. albidum, S. areolatum, S. citrinum y S. bovista.


Scleroderma bovista is described and illustrated for the first time in Colombia. Scleroderma bovista is a gasteroid fungi found on the campus of the Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Bogotá), department of Cundinamarca. Information on distribution, ecology and growth substrate is provided. Thus, the genus Scleroderma is represented in the country by four species: S. albidum, S. areolatum, S. citrinum y S. bovista

5.
Braz. j. biol ; 68(4,supl): 983-1002, Nov. 2008. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-504452

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to outline challenging issues of urban biodiversity in order to address yardsticks related to ecohydrology, and with a complementary approach to eutrophication impacts. The vision of environmental services, urbanization's consequences and management aspects of water governance are also depicted. Factors of river restoration, environmental tradeoffs and socio-cultural constrains are envisaged through concept questions towards emerging aspects that figure out methodological guides, strategic challenges for stakeholders and inter-disciplinary opportunities. Examples from case studies on restoration and management, from experiences and lessons learned, are enclosed, with brief discussions and literature citation.


Este artigo aborda desafios sobre a biodiversidade em ambiente urbano com o propósito de apontar uma relação com a ecohidrologia e com especial aproximação aos problemas recorrentes da eutroficação. A visão de serviços ambientais, as conseqüências da urbanização e os aspectos da gestão para uma governança em torno dos recursos hídricos são também apontados no trabalho. Fatores como a recuperação ambiental dos rios, as compensações ambientais e as restrições sócio-culturais são mencionadas usando perguntas conceituais que direcionem aspectos emergentes, no sentido de exemplificar guias metodológicos, desafios estratégicos na negociação junto aos atores e às oportunidades interdisciplinares. Alguns exemplos extraídos a partir de estudos de caso são mostrados, em especial de experiências e lições apreendidas, com discussões e citações da literatura atual do tema.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Biodiversity , Conservation of Natural Resources , Fresh Water/analysis , Urbanization , Brazil , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Eutrophication , Floods , Fresh Water/microbiology , Invertebrates/classification , Pilot Projects , Population Dynamics , Rivers , Tropical Climate , Urban Health , Water Movements , Water Supply , Water Pollution/analysis
6.
Braz. j. biol ; 68(4)Nov. 2008.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467954

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to outline challenging issues of urban biodiversity in order to address yardsticks related to ecohydrology, and with a complementary approach to eutrophication impacts. The vision of environmental services, urbanization's consequences and management aspects of water governance are also depicted. Factors of river restoration, environmental tradeoffs and socio-cultural constrains are envisaged through concept questions towards emerging aspects that figure out methodological guides, strategic challenges for stakeholders and inter-disciplinary opportunities. Examples from case studies on restoration and management, from experiences and lessons learned, are enclosed, with brief discussions and literature citation.


Este artigo aborda desafios sobre a biodiversidade em ambiente urbano com o propósito de apontar uma relação com a ecohidrologia e com especial aproximação aos problemas recorrentes da eutroficação. A visão de serviços ambientais, as conseqüências da urbanização e os aspectos da gestão para uma governança em torno dos recursos hídricos são também apontados no trabalho. Fatores como a recuperação ambiental dos rios, as compensações ambientais e as restrições sócio-culturais são mencionadas usando perguntas conceituais que direcionem aspectos emergentes, no sentido de exemplificar guias metodológicos, desafios estratégicos na negociação junto aos atores e às oportunidades interdisciplinares. Alguns exemplos extraídos a partir de estudos de caso são mostrados, em especial de experiências e lições apreendidas, com discussões e citações da literatura atual do tema.

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